Indonesian State

Republic of Indonesia abbreviated RI or Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia , which is crossed by the equator and located between the continent of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean . Indonesia is a country of islands in the world's largest consisting of 13 487 islands, therefore it is also called the archipelago . With a population of 237 million in 2010, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and the nation of Muslims in the world, although it is not officially an Islamic state . Indonesian form of government is a republic , with the House of Representatives , Regional Representatives Council and the President is directly elected.

Early history and Indonesian Independence

The early history

Relics of Homo erectus fossils, anthropologists who also dubbed the "Java Man", suggests that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to South East Asia from Taiwan. They arrived at about 2000   SM, and cause existing Melanesians there first pressed into areas far eastern archipelago. Conditions ideal place for agriculture, and control of rice cultivation since at least the 8th century BC, causing many villages, towns, and small kingdoms grow well in the first century AD. In addition, Indonesia is located in the international sea trade routes between islands, cruise lines have become between India and China for centuries. Indonesia's history has subsequently experienced a lot of the influence of the trading activity.

Politics and Government of Indonesia

Indonesia governing republic democratic multiparty presidential. As well as in other democracies, the political system in Indonesia is based on the Trias Politica that the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Legislative power is held by an organization called the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).

Administrative Division and Province in Indonesia and The Capital City

Administrative Division

Indonesia currently consists of 34 provinces, five of which have a different status. Province is divided into 403 districts and 98 cities are divided into districts and again into sub-districts, villages, village, village, villages, pekon, or other terms that are accommodated by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 Year 2004 on Regional Government. Each province has a provincial parliament and the governor, while the district has a district legislature and regents; later the town has a mayor and the City Council, all of them elected directly by the people through elections and elections. However there is no parliament in Jakarta district or city, because the District Administration and the City Administration in Jakarta is not autonomous.

Border and Geography Indonesia Location

Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia which has 13 487 large and small islands, about 6,000 of which are uninhabited, which spread around the equator , which gives tropical weather. The position of Indonesia is located at coordinates 6 ° N - 11 ° 08 ' LS and from 95 ° ' BT - 141 ° 45 ' BT and is located between two continents namely continents Asia and continental Australia / Oceania .

Indonesia's territory extends along 3.977 mile between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean . Indonesia's land area is 1,922,570 km ² and 3,257,483 km ² vast waters. Is the most populous island of Java, where half the Indonesian population reside. Indonesia consists of five large islands, namely: Java with an area of 132.107 km ², Sumatera with an area of 473 606 km ², Borneo with an area of 539 460 km ², Sulawesi, with an area of 189 216 km ², and Papua with an area of 421,981 km ². Boundaries of the archipelago of Indonesia measured using the territorial sea: 12 nautical miles and an exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles , the direction of winds, namely:

North : Country Malaysia with 1,782 km border, Singapore , the Philippines , and the South China Sea.

South : Country Australia , Timor Leste , and Indonesia Ocean .

West: Ocean Indonesia .

East: State of Papua New Guinea with a 820 km long border, Timor Leste , and the Pacific Ocean .

Economics and Natural Resources Indonesia

Economy

Indonesia's economic system was initially supported by the launch Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia (ORI), which became the first currency of the Republic of Indonesia, which then turned into Rupiah.

In the reign of the Old Order, Indonesia does not fully adapt to the capitalist economic system, but also combine them with economic nationalism. Inexperienced government, is to intervene in some production activities that affect many people. This, coupled political turmoil, resulting in economic instability in the country.

Indonesian Culture

Indonesia has about 300 ethnic groups, each ethnic cultural heritage that has evolved over centuries, influenced by the Indian culture, Arabic, Chinese, European, and including the Malay culture itself. Examples of traditional Javanese and Balinese dances have a cultural aspect and Hindu mythology, like shadow puppets featuring stories of Ramayana and Hindu mythological events Baratayuda.

Indonesian Fashion

In the field of cultural heritage fashion is famous throughout the world is batik. Some well-known local batik industry will include Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Cirebon, Pandeglang, Garut, Tasikmalaya and also Pekalongan. Batik is also claimed by other countries with the batik industry.

Indonesian Architecture

Indonesian architecture reflects the diversity of culture, history, and geography that make up the whole Indonesian. The attacker, colonizers, missionaries, merchants, and traders brought cultural changes with an impact on the style and building techniques. Traditional, foreign architectural influences are the most powerful of India. However, Chinese, Arab, and since the 19th century European influence became quite dominant.

Indonesian Sports

The most popular sports in Indonesia are badminton and football; Indonesian Super League is the main league football clubs in Indonesia. Traditional sports include sepak takraw and cow races in Madura. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, battle contests are held, such as, caci in Flores, and Pasola in Sumba. Pencak Silat is a unique martial art originating from Indonesia. This martial art is sometimes displayed at events that are usually followed by performances of traditional Indonesian music such as gamelan and other traditional musical arts according to region of origin. Sports in Indonesia are generally male-oriented and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling in Indonesia.

Indonesian Music

Musical arts in Indonesia, both traditional and modern so many stretches from Sabang to Merauke. Every province in Indonesia has traditional music with its own trademark. Traditional music including keroncong from Portuguese descent in the Tugu, Jakarta, is known by all the people of Indonesia even to foreign countries. There is also a populist in the Indonesian music known as dangdut is the music wing of modern Malay influenced by Indian music dangdut music is so very different from the actual traditional Malay music, such as music Deli Malay, Malay, and so on.

Indonesian Cuisine

Indonesian cuisine varies depending on the region. Rice is the staple food and served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Condiments (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are essential ingredients.

Throughout history, Indonesia has become a place of trade between the two continents. This led to the transport of many spices, food ingredients and cooking techniques from the nation's own Malay, Indian, Middle East, China, and Europe. All this is mixed with typical traditional Indonesian food, make a lot of diversity that is not found in other areas. Even the Spanish and Portuguese, the Dutch had been preceded by bringing many new products from the world to Indonesia.

Indonesian Literature

The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a variety of Sanskrit inscriptions in the 5th century AD. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli, who criticized treatment of the Indonesian Netherlands during the Dutch colonial era; Muhammad Yamin and Hamka is a writer and the pre-independence politician, and Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesia maker's most famous novel. In addition to novels, literary Indonesia also wrote a poem, rhyme, and rhyme. Anwar is the author of Indonesia's most famous poem. Many Indonesian people have a strong oral tradition, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. Press freedom in Indonesia increased after the end of President Suharto's rule. Television stations, including ten national private television stations and regional networks that compete with public TVRI television station. Private radio stations broadcast their news and programs of foreign broadcasters. Reported there were 20 million Internet users in Indonesia in 2007. Internet use is limited to a minority population, estimated at about 8.5%.

Language Indonesian National

Indonesia only has one national language or the language of the country, which is Indonesian. State intervention against the national language organized by Agency for Development and Language Development under the Ministry of Education and Culture.

Indonesian Environmental

Indonesian region has a high diversity of living things that by some Indonesian ecological region known as the "Mega biodiversity" or "high diversity of living things" commonly known as the Indomalaya or Malesia based on research that 10 percent of plants, 12 per cent of mammals, 16 percent of reptiles , 17 per cent of birds, 25 percent of fish in the world live in Indonesia, while Indonesia only 1.3 wide   % Of land area on Earth. Wealth beings Indonesia ranks third after Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.