Economy
Indonesia's economic system was initially supported by the
launch Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia (ORI), which became the first currency of the
Republic of Indonesia, which then turned into Rupiah.
In the reign of the Old Order, Indonesia does not fully
adapt to the capitalist economic system, but also combine them with economic
nationalism. Inexperienced government, is to intervene in some production
activities that affect many people. This, coupled political turmoil, resulting
in economic instability in the country.
New Order governance immediate economic discipline that aims
to curb inflation, stabilize the currency, debt rescheduling, and trying to
attract foreign aid and investment. In the 1970s the era of rising petroleum
prices led to surging exports, economic growth and trigger levels are higher on
average by 7% between 1968 and 1981. Further reform by the end of the 1980s,
which include deregulation of the financial sector and the weakening of the rupiah
is controlled, then the foreign investment flowing into Indonesia, particularly
in export-oriented industries in the years 1989 to 1997, Indonesia's economy
suffered a setback at the end of the year 1990s due to the economic crisis that
hit most parts of Asia at that time, who accompanied the end of the New Order
of President Suharto's resignation on May 21, 1998.
Currently Indonesian economy has been fairly stable.
Indonesia's GDP growth in 2004 and 2005 exceeded 5%, and is expected to
continue. Nevertheless, the impact of that growth has not been large enough to
affect the unemployment rate, which was 9.75%. Estimates of 2006, as many as
17.8% of the people live below the poverty line, and there are 49.0% of people
living on less than U.S. $ 2 per day.
Indonesia has vast natural resources outside Java, including
crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Indonesia's second largest
natural gas exporter in the world, although lately he has become a net importer
of crude oil. Major agricultural products include rice, tea, coffee, spices,
and rubber. Services sector is the largest contributor to GDP, which reached
45.3% of GDP in 2005. While the industrial sector accounted for 40.7%, and the
agricultural sector accounted for 14.0%. Nevertheless, the agricultural sector
employs more people than other sectors, ie 44.3% of the 95 million workers. The
service sector employs 36.9%, and the rest of the industrial sector at 18.8%.
Indonesia's largest trading partners are Japan, United
States, and its neighbors countries namely Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.
Although rich in natural and human resources, Indonesia is
still facing major problems in the field of poverty is largely due to the
rampant corruption in the government. Agency Transparency International ranks
Indonesia as ranked 143 of 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index,
which was issued in 2007.
Natural resources
Indonesia's natural resources such as petroleum, tin,
natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, fertile soils, coal, gold, and silver
with land division consists of 10% agricultural land, plantation of 7%, 7%
pasture , forests and wooded areas by 62%, and another 14% with an area of 45
970 km of irrigated land.
No comments:
Post a Comment