Republic of Indonesia abbreviated RI or Indonesia
is a country in Southeast Asia , which is crossed by the equator and located
between the continent of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific Ocean and the
Indian Ocean . Indonesia is a country of islands
in the world's largest consisting of 13 487 islands, therefore it is also
called the archipelago . With a population of
237 million in 2010, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world
and the nation of Muslims in the world, although it is not officially an
Islamic state . Indonesian form of government is
a republic , with the House of Representatives , Regional Representatives
Council and the President is directly elected.
Capital city is Jakarta . Indonesian
land borders with Malaysia on Borneo island , with Papua New Guinea on the island
of Papua and East Timor on the island of Timor . Other neighboring countries include Singapore , Philippines ,
Australia , and the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India .
Indonesian history influenced by many other nations. Indonesian archipelago became an important trade region since
at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya kingdom in Palembang religion and
trade relations with China and India. Kingdoms Hinduism
and Buddhism has grown in the early centuries AD, followed by the traders who
bring the religion of Islam , as well as various forces European who fought
each other to monopolize the spice trade in the Moluccas during the era of
ocean exploration. Once under Dutch colonialism
, Indonesia which was then called the Dutch East Indies declared its independence at the end of World War II .
Indonesia subsequently received various obstacles,
threats and challenges of natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a
democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
From Sabang to Merauke , Indonesia consists of various
ethnic, linguistic and religious groups. Javanese are the largest tribe with a
population reaching 41.7% of the entire population of Indonesia. Indonesia's national motto, " Unity in
Diversity "(" It varies, but still one "),
articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Besides having a dense population and vast territory,
Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the level of biodiversity
in the world's second largest.
Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations and the only
member to ever come out of the UN , namely on January 7 1965 , and joined again on 28 September 1966 and Indonesia remain declared as a member of the 60th, the
same membership since joining Indonesia on 28 September In 1950 . In addition to the
United Nations , Indonesia is also a member of the ASEAN , APEC , OIC , G-20
and will be a member of the OECD .
Etymology
The word "Indonesia" derives from the Latin Indus,
which means the "Indies" and said in Greek nesos which means "island". So, the word means the Indonesian territory Indies islands,
or archipelago located in the Indian, which suggests that the name was formed
long before Indonesia became a sovereign state. In
1850, George Earl , an ethnologist British, initially proposed the term Indunesia
and Malayunesia for residents "Indian Archipelago or the Malay
Archipelago". Disciples of Earl, James
Richardson Logan , used Indonesia as a synonym of the word India
Islands. However, Dutch academics writing in
East Indies Dutch media did not use the word Indonesia, but the terms Malay
Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); Dutch East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indië),
or the Indies (Indië); East (de Oost);, and even Insulinde (term
This was introduced in 1860 in the novel Max Havelaar (1859), written by
Multatuli , the criticism against Dutch colonialism).
Since 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic
circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it
for political expression. Adolf Bastian of the University of Berlin to
popularize this name through the book Rodel oder die Inseln des Malayischen
Archipels, 1884-1894. The first Indonesian
scholar to use is suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he
established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name Indonesisch
Press Bureau in 1913.
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